Luke 14:1-24 begins with Jesus invited to share
a Sabbath meal with a leader of the Pharisees – a group concerned with living
life according to Torah, and a group who has been both challenging Jesus and
warning him of political opposition to his movement from none other than Herod,
Rome’s appointed King of the Jews. Jesus, it turns out, is a most unusual
dinner guest. We are told that other invited guests are “watching him closely.”
Little wonder. A play in four acts ensues.
Act One. Right away a man with dropsy, or edema, appears and Jesus immediately
challenges his host and the invited guests, the very people who have been
challenging his orthodoxy all along the way to Jerusalem: “Is it lawful to cure
people on the Sabbath, or not?” Surely, they have heard that he has been
healing people on the Sabbath in local synagogues, and the controversies they
have sparked. We are told they remain silent. He proceeds to heal the man while
saying, “Surely if one of you had a child or ox that has fallen into a well,
would you not immediately pull it out on the Sabbath day?” They still have no
reply.
Act Two. Jesus notices how the guests are all choosing to sit in places of honor. He
chides the guests once again with a parable: Don’t take the most important seat
for you might find out that when someone even more distinguished than you
arrives you will be asked to give up your seat and retreat to the foot of the
table, which will be embarrassing. Rather, sit at the lowest seat in case the
host comes and invites you to sit near the head of the table, and you will be
honored by all who are present. Then comes the zinger: “For all who exalt
themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted.”
Anyone paying attention at this point ought to realize that this is not about
First Century Etiquette. It is a warning that a reversal is in store, and
life’s rules and behaviors as we know them are due for a change.
Act Three. But, that’s not all. Now he challenges his host with instructions on who to
invite and who not to invite. As we may expect, a proper list as Jesus sees it
does not include the usual suspects who are already attending this Sabbath
meal. “"When you give a luncheon or a dinner, do not invite your friends
or your brothers or your relatives or rich neighbors, in case they may invite
you in return, and you would be repaid. But when you give a banquet, invite the
poor, the crippled, the lame, and the blind. And you will be blessed, because
they cannot repay you, for you will be repaid at the resurrection of the
righteous." Put succinctly, who we choose to spend time with and honor at
the meal table has eternal consequences. It becomes more clear that Jesus is
not Emily Post, but rather is reshaping what it means to be a people of the God
of the Sabbath. Do not presume to think you are the arbiters of what it means
to observe Sabbath, or how to honor the Lord God of Creation, the Sabbath and
the Passover-Exodus event. The discomfort of his host and guests, and most of
us, is becoming palpable.
Act Four. One guest appears to catch on and says, “Blessed is the one who will eat bread in
the Kingdom of God.” Guessing that the rest are still scratching their heads at
all of this, and asking themselves just why the host has invited this rude
guest to share the Sabbath meal in their presence, Jesus tells another parable.
Someone gave a dinner and invited many. He sends his slave to each of those
invited to proclaim, “Come; for everything is ready now.” But they all have
excuses: one has to go and see a piece of land he has just purchased; one has
just bought a team of five oxen and is going to try them out; another has just
been married, “and therefore I cannot come.” I cannot come to the banquet. The
slave reported back to his master the excuses. The master of the house says,
“Then go out into the streets and lanes and bring in the poor, the crippled,
the blind and the lame.” The slave does so and says to the master of the house,
“I have done this, and still there is more room.” The master then says to the
slave, “Go out into the streets and the lanes and compel people to come in, so
that my house may be filled. For I tell you, none of those who
were invited will taste my dinner.” That last line, “For I tell you…” in Greek
is plural – that is the master of the house is addressing everyone, not just
the slave. “For I tell y’all, none of those invited will taste my dinner.” The
humble will be exalted, the exalted will be humbled; the first will be last and
the last will be first; come, for everything is ready now. Now, not later. Not
tomorrow. Not next week. Not next year. Not after you are dead and gone. Now,
not any time later. There is no time to delay. There are no excuses. Here
endeth the reading. The Word of the Lord.
Perhaps one hears echoes of the Song of Mary way back in the first chapter of Luke:
His mercy is for those who fear him from generation
to generation. He has shown strength with his arm; he has scattered the proud
in the thoughts of their hearts. He has brought down the powerful from their
thrones, and lifted up the lowly; he has filled the hungry with good things,
and sent the rich away empty.
Or, perhaps echoes of his first sermon in his home town synagogue in Luke chapter
4: “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor…Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.” Today. Now, not later, but today.
Those first invited were people who owned land, participated in commerce and customs of
society on the assumption that those rules might always be counted upon. They
learn that for this particular banquette, such socially guaranteed privileges
no longer count. On the other hand, the new guests, both urban and country
marginalized peoples of all kinds, people with no social position whatsoever,
see this invitation as an unexpected gift. What one might call Good News!
The master of the house (house is oikos in Greek, from which we get words like economy [law
of the household] and ecology [the study of how to be good stewards of the
household]), in this telling can be assumed to be none other than YHWH – whom
Moses learned at the burning bush is the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the
God of hope and promises kept. In this story he addresses all those present,
for all have a role to play in bringing everyone, all kinds of people, most
especially those who cannot reciprocate, into the banquet feast of the Lord.
This whole episode is about the reign of God that begins today with Jesus and those
who follow him. It is a story about what is truly holy and appropriate behavior
in the Sabbath setting. The healing makes clear that in God’s reign, not ours,
not Herod’s, not Caesar’s, that holy times are times for life, health and
wholeness that stretch the boundaries of social, civil or religious law. All
presumptions of privilege and social status, all business as usual crumbles in
the face of the invitation to drop everything that contributes to one’s system
of security, and join the party. For those who come it is, is, not will be, but
is a splendid feast indeed! [Luke, Sharon Ringe, Westminster Bible Companion, p
199-200]
Jesus is a most unusual dinner guest indeed. As guest he always becomes the host –
and the very bread of the kingdom of God. Who knew one’s behavior at meals and
choice of dinner guests has such eternal consequences! Come, for everything is
ready now! The reversal begins here!